Monday, May 25, 2020

Net Neutrality Today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2319 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? On September 30, 2018 California Senate Bill 822 was signed into law. The law effectively established statewide net neutrality laws modeled on federal regulations which were overturned by the FCCs Restoring Internet Freedom Order in December of 2017. This is yet another step in an ongoing battle to establish laws that would prevent Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from discriminating against data from specific sources in an online environment. Net neutrality continues to be an evolving concept, and despite broad support from the public, the United States government has had difficulty establishing long-term solutions within the current legal framework. Principles of Network Neutrality The origin of the term network neutrality is widely attributed to Tim Wus 2003 article Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination. In his prescient opening line, Wu (2003) states that: Communications regulators over the next decade will spend increasing time on conflicts between the private interests of broadband providers and the publics interest in a competitive innovate environment centered on the internet (p. 141). In the United States, these conflicts have resulted in various regulatory frameworks and court challenges, and the debate is constantly changing. This discussion has many aspects (technological, economic, intellectual freedom, political etc.), and the future of net neutrality is still very much undecided. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Net Neutrality Today" essay for you Create order The definitions of net neutrality vary widely. Wu (2003) had originally focused mostly on internet architecture and application restrictions, rather than throttling or bandwidth prioritization. However, network neutrality has mostly come to focus on regulating discrimination of content providers, end users or services by internet service providers (ISPs) (De Diego Martin, 2016, p. 5). Much of the recent debate has focused on a definition of net neutrality that specifically prohibits ISPs from slowing down, speeding up, or blocking internet traffic based on where it is coming from, where it is going, or who owns it (White, 2014, p. 152). Net neutrality focuses on the interactions between three groups, the operators (ISPs), content and application providers (often internet companies such as Google, Amazon, Apple, etc.), and internet users. One of the main concerns in regards to net neutrality is the concentrated power of the ISPs. There are a very limited number of ISPs available, and most users have very limited, if any, choices for broadband internet service providers (Guo, 2017, p. 131). ISPs operate in a near-monopolistic state and arguably represent a private power that cannot be checked by market competition or consumer choice (Rahman, 2018, p. 1651-1652). This concentrated private control over critical infrastructure is a legitimate concern and opens up many opportunities for exploitative practices (Rahman, 2018, p. 1650). Net neutrality fears are in nt ungrounded, as cases of ISPs using their power to throttle or favor specific services have already occurred, such as the case of Comcast asking Netflix to pay f or faster service (Gustin, 2014), or its intentional throttling of BitTorrent (Kravets, 2008). The public is seen to widely support net neutrality as a concept. A recent poll showed that 83 % of Americans opposed repealing net neutrality regulations, largely regardless of political party (University of Maryland Program for Public Consultation, 2017). However, net neutrality does have its detractors, who argue that these regulations take money away from ISPs who would reinvest these funds to improve overall bandwidth and access. ISPs also argue that a so called dumb pipe system in which all data is treated equally will mean they are completely left out of decision making processes and lose their powers to shape internet progress (De Diego Martin, 2016). Economic arguments are an important part of the debate. The Internet Association estimates that the internet was responsible for 6 % of U.S. GDP in 2014 (Siwek, 2015). The capital involved is extremely large and battles between ISPs and content providers have been ongoing for years. Network usage has been steadily increasing f or years, but fees for service have often not risen as rapidly, making additional income from fees on content providers appealing to ISPs (White, 2014, 152). Net neutrality laws prevent ISPs from maximizing their profits and ISPs have fought hard through lobbying and legal battles to prevent any type of regulation. The FCC largely cited neoliberal ideas of broadband access as a self-regulating market that could effectively police itself when removing the most recent net neutrality regulations (Berghel, 2017). The near-monopolistic nature of ISPs makes this less highly unlikely. Even if multiple providers are available in an area, individuals are often locked in by contracts that make simply switching between ISPs difficult. Competition is largely unlikely to increase, as the infrastructure and capital investment in starting a broadband company is prohibitively high. Additionally, research has shown that it is largely economically advantageous for ISPs to discriminate against content providers, even as competition increases (Guo, 2017). It would be naive to think that these corporations would not take actions that increased their own profits, and would willingly self-police their behavior if given free reign. Additionally, while ISPs argue that net neutrality inhibit innovation, the opposite is largely true. By not discriminating against content providers, net neutrality largely operates as an anti-monopoly tool itself by making sure that all content providers are treated equally. If content providers were forced to pay ISPs for bandwidth, it would ensure that only the large, financially dominate companies would have the capital to do so effectively stifling market competition and entrepreneurship (Rahman, 2018, 1656). Of course, the issue is rarely as simple as opponents or proponents make it out to be. The idea of an early platonic internet that was completely neural is largely a myth, and the end-to-end principles used to frame net neutrality are largely obsolete in regards to modern internet architecture (Pisantry, 2016, 131). Some forms of traffic management will always be necessary for optimizing networks, maintaining security, and managing congestion (Belli, 2016, 16). Its important when discussing regulations that differentiation is made between necessary and unnecessary traffic management based on what is reasonable. If nothing else, as Wu (2003, 156) has pointed out, regulations can serve an informational/educational function as a gentle reminder for broadband providers to air on the side of their better natures and focus on the public good. Network Neutrality and Intellectual Freedom Many discussions on net neutrality focus on technical and economic aspects; however the issue is also crucial to intellectual freedom and individual rights. The American Library Association (2018) succinctly stated the ties between net neutrality and intellectual freedom in their affirmation of net neutrality as an intellectual freedom issue. In part they state that: Net Neutrality guarantees the right to distribute and receive ideas without limitation or discrimination via the internet. Without the protection of Net Neutrality, tiered access limits diversity and blocks ideas and opinions. Additionally, it creates an internet in which only the companies that can afford to pay more for prioritized access can get their content through to consumers. Allowing ISPs to determine which speech receives priority access and which speech can be delayed, or even blocked, based on commercial and financial interests impairs intellectual freedom. This leads inevitably to censorship of voices without economic or political power. Here we see that one of the major issues with a non-neutral network is that we see another way for capital to buy a louder voice. This speaks to Gramscis ideas of hegemony and the role capital plays in intellectual freedom as discussed by Raber (2013). In a system in which payments must be made to have content favored, capital will be a strong driver of speech. Even Verizon has conceded that net neutrality is a free speech issue. In the 2014 case that overturned the FCCs 2010 Open Internet Order, Verizon argued that net neutrality infringed on their free speech rights and that regulating bandwidth was a form of speech (Verizon v Federal Communications Commission, 2014). This acknowledgement that broadband data is speech only underlies the importance of having regulations that prevent its suppression. If more money buys better data transmission, we see yet another system in which the voices of the marginalized are suppressed. We can think of net neutrality acts as nondiscrimination laws that allows marginalized and nonprofit voices to be given equal weight in the online environment (Cox, 2018, 14). As Buchannan (2013) discusses, freedom of expression and access are both critical issues when discussing intellectual freedom in an online environment, and ISPs have control over both, making regulations all the more important. Net Neutrality Rules Today From the early origins of net neutrality concepts it was clear that self-regulation by internet providers was not a viable method to maintain net neutrality (Wu, 2003). There are many questions about how to best regulate net neutrality. Who should be responsible for regulating? How much regulation is necessary? What is the governments statutory authority for regulation? These questions have been heavily debated in recent years, and the government has still yet to come with agreed upon answers to these questions. The FCCs attempts to regulate ISPs rely heavily on Progressive Area ideas of public utilities that have been adapted to the uniqueness of modern telecommunications (Rahman, 2018, 1648). As early as the expansion of railroads, there has been worry about how best to control private control of infrastructural goods. Early regulations of railroads began at the state level, developing a patchwork of regulations, but it was clear that their interstate nature would require federal intervention. As monopolis became a greater concern, the federal government began to develop antitrust laws, corporate governance, and the public utility model as forms of controlling concentrated private power. As new forms of communications such as telegraph and telephone networks developed, the government began to use these established tools to regulate these services through common carriage requirements and limits on vertical integration (Rahman, 2018). The Communications Act of 1934 was the first major legislation regulating telecommunications networks. The next significant legislation would not come until the Telecommunications Act of 1996. While, the Communications Act of 1934 essentially let ATT operate as a regulated monopoly, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 tried to enhance both competition and interconnectivity. It imposed common carrier requirements for telecommunication networks that prohibited discrimination against networks and required that all carriers have a physical connection to each other (Rahman, 2018, 1647-1649). The overall authority of internet regulation by the federal government lies in their authority to regulate interstate commerce. More specifically, the FCC derives its regulatory power from the Commerce Act of 1934, and the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Hanna, 2018, 80). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 made a distinction between telecommunication lines, which are classified as a Title II service, and internet access provided by these lines, which were classified as a Title I information service. As broadband service came to prominence it was also classified under the information service Title I designation. In the 1990s, the internet was seen more as a luxury good than a vital communications service and therefore was not classified under the stricter Title II classifications that would hold it to common carrier restrictions (Rahman, 2018, 1651). The 2011 FCC Open Internet Order attempted to establish net neutrality regulations outside of the Title II common carrier requirements, but the order was struck down in Verizon v. FCC (2014). In this case, the D.C. Circuit Court determined that the FCC did not have the authority to establish anti-discrimination requirements since broadband was not covered under common carrier requirements (Verizon v Federal Department of Communications, 2014). In response the 2015 Open Internet Order formally reclassified broadband internet from an information service to a telecommunications service, which falls under Title II common carrier requirements. The changes were upheld in United States Telecom Association v Federal Communications Commision and United States of America (2016). In this case, the D.C. Circuit Court determined that broadband service does in fact satisfy the statutory definition of a telecommunications service (US Telecom Assn v FCC 2016). These changes were reversed when new FC C leadership under the Trump Administration passed the Restoring Internet Freedom Order, which once again changed broadband service from a Title II to Title I carrier in December of 2017 (Restoring Internet Freedom Order, 2017). Californias Net Neutrality Laws Within hours of Californias passage of their net neutrality law the Justice Department filed suit against the state (Finley 2018). The Justice Department is attemtping to make the case that California has no authority to regulate ISPs. At the heart of this are two primary legal issues. First, the interstate nature of the internet means only the federal government should be able to regulate it (Finley, 2008). Second, the FCCs Restoring Internet Freedom Order included a specific clause which prevented any state or local governments from imposing rules that the FCC specifically repealed (Restoring Internet Freedom Order, 2017). This presents an interesting case, because when repealing the Open Internet Order the FCCs primary argument was that they did not have the proper authority to impose net neutrality regulations, but also claiming that they had to sole authority to ban anyone else from imposing net neutrality regulations (Romm, 2018). This effectively means that according to the FC C, there is no agency who currently has the authority to regulate data discrimination. While the California legislation may be a positive good for the citizens of California and net neutrality in general, it is highly unlikely the courts will find that California had the authority to pass such legislation. Regardless of what the FCCs authority to prevent others from establishing net neutrality regulations is, it is a near certainty that the interstate nature of the internet will mean that Californias regulations do not stand. The internet should clearly be regulated as interstate commerce and no legal cases in United States history have ignored the Commerce Clause and favored states over the federal government when interstate commerce is involved (Rash, 2018). Additionally, while good-intentioned, a state-by-state patchwork of net neutrality regulations is far from ideal for anyone involved. In the end, all that may come of Californias attempts at establishing state level net neutrality laws is keeping the debate alive in the courts and in the public eye. The past decade has shown us a framework for how net neutrality laws could function reasonably to protect intellectual freedom in an online environment through modified common carrier regulations. While we are currently operating in a regulatorily non-neutral environment the California case has shown that the debate is far from over.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Gun Control, Pro and Con. - 850 Words

America is the most well armed nation in the world. The reason why Americans own so many guns is because of the second Amendment, which states â€Å"The Right to Bear Arm†. This amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to have firearms. In the freedictionary.com, weapon is defined as, an instrument of attack or defense in combat, as a gun, missile, or sword. There are many kinds of weapons and almost all of them are illegal to use without registration. Weapons are changing over times. Looking back from millions of years ago, Wikipedia wrote that chimpanzees are the first one to be the target of human being using those weapons such as sharp stones and spears. Since then, thousands of weapons are invented, for example, small arm guns. They†¦show more content†¦He said, â€Å"Laws that forbid the carrying of arms. Disarm only those who are neither inclined nor determined to commit crimes. Such laws make things worse for the assaulted and better for the assailants; t hey serve rather to encourage than to prevent homicides, for an unarmed man may be attacked with greater confidence than an armed man.† Criminals would continue finding ways to illegally acquire guns while robbing and attacking law-abiding citizens who suddenly have no means of self-defense. The cause of mass shootings isn’t guns; it is mental health. â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people† at first seems like a stupid pro-gun argument. It sounds immature, and it is much too easy for liberals to counter with, â€Å"Well, people need the guns to kill people,† which is true. The point is, we need to target the source of the problem, not the tools used. We need to talk about mental illness and how we can help provide services, resources and other support to those who need it. One mother posted her struggles with her mentally ill son onto her website titled â€Å"The Anarchist Soccer Mom.† She writes about how her son transitions between a sweet boy who loves Harry Potter and a terrifying, screaming boy who threatens to kill her. She pleads for people to realize the real problem behind massShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1225 Words   |  5 Pagesto discuss in this paper is gun control as I feel it is a hotly debated issue in the country today, especially after the incidents we have had throughout the recent years. Gun control has and probably will always be an issue that is argued for or against from all political sides, regardless, of your own beliefs one must look at the pros and cons of gun control to determine what is necessary. To address this, we must first look at the statistics on deaths involving guns and then apply the currentRead MoreGun Control: Pros and Cons1986 Words   |  8 Pages| Page(s) | 1 | Table of Content | 1 | 2 | Introduction | 2 | 3 | Gun Control: Pros (i) Disarm and Control Citizens (ii) Better Management (iii) Reduce Crime Rate and Death Rate | 3-4 | 4 | Gun Control: Cons (i) People’s Life Unsecured (ii) Women’s Safety Unguaranteed (iii) Spring Up of Black Markets (iv) Conflict with Democracy | 5-7 | 5 | Conclusion | 8 | 6 | References | 9 | Introduction: A gun is a normally tubular weapon or other device designed to discharge projectilesRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control1511 Words   |  7 PagesGun control is a policy that the government limits the keeping and using of guns by citizens. According to Firearms and Federal Law: The Gun Control Act Of 1968, the Gun Control Act is designed to provide support to Federal, State, and local law enforcement officials in their fight against crime and violence. (Journal of Legal Studies). Firearm is an epochal invention. But unfortunately, no matter in the past or now, guns and firearms are often misused. Therefore, gun control policy exists. InRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control875 Words   |  4 Pagesissue of gun control laws has become a prevalent topic of debate throughout American society. This debate stems from two opposing arguments over gun control. Some feel gun control laws are fair and not the contributing factor to these mass shootings, whereas, others feel that there is an urgent need for strict laws in order to end the problem of mass shootings. There are numerous pros and cons to the enforcement of stricter gun control laws but we must note a few things: stricter gun control laws wouldRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control897 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an on going debated rather guns should be allowed or to be banned. Gun control, politics, legislation, and enforcement of measures intended to restrict access to, the possession of, or the use of arms, particularly firearms. Gun control is one of the most controversial and emotional issues in many countries, with the debate often centring on whether regulations on an individual’s right to arms are an undue restriction on liberty and whether there is a correlation between guns andRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control785 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is a big topic in the United States today, a lot of people have many different opinions on this. They are usually about whether we should we have gun control or not. We should not need gun control to solve crime in the United States. We need laws, background checks and more. The conversation about gun control will continue on as long as guns are made and used. The argument about gun control is doubled sided. This means that on one side citizens want the government to have control overRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1329 Words   |  6 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial topic in America. There are many advocates of weapon control - individuals who wish to have stricter laws to keep certain groups of individuals from acquiring a gun. In any case, there are likewise the general population who cant help contradicting gun control laws and accept there ought to be a more tolerant gun control to moreover enable individuals to protect themselves amid dangerous circumstances. On the two sides of this issue, sentiments extend fromRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Gun Control1474 Words   |  6 PagesGun control laws are an ongoing process that varies from location, to time of history. Throughout history different laws and regulations have been made about gun control across all continents on earth. These laws change frequently and will continue to do so till the end of time. Many people are either for or against these laws depending on their religion, moral beliefs and location. Although increasing gun control is used for the protection of citizens, it could be deemed unnecessary to many becauseRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control1073 Words   |  5 Pages Implementing gun control in the United States would only result in more chaos and increased rebellion from citizens who responsibly and legally own firearms. In doing so, the law-abiding citizens would be left defenseless against the criminals who continue to obtain guns illegally. Not only that, but the 2nd amendment rights of the United States Constitution would be diminished and the crime in the community would remain the same or perhaps increase. Gun control would not stop criminals from illegallyRead MorePros And Cons Of Gun Control738 Words   |  3 PagesGun control has become a huge political topic after the numerous violent killings in recent years. It has been debated whether gun control policies should be more lenient or more restrictive to best protect the American public. Many studies have been conducted in comparison to other countries that have stricter gun laws showing that crime has not dropped with increased gun control measures, nor has it affected a decline in h omicide rates. Other reports have shown that countries with more lenient

Friday, May 15, 2020

Dylan Thomas Literary Analysis - 1453 Words

Dylan Thomas Literary Works Analysis And Death Shall Have No Dominion is a poem in three nine-line stanzas. Each of the stanzas begins and ends with the title line, which echoes Romans 6:9 from the King James translation of the Christian New Testament: Death hath no more dominion.(Dylan Thomas, 30) When Saint Paul said in his letter to the Romans that death hath no more dominion, he meant that those who had chosen salvation would not suffer eternal damnation and spiritual death. Instead, they would be resurrected on the Day of Judgment and given new spiritual bodies. The title and the refrain give the theme of the poem which is resurrection and also introduce its characteristics, rhythm, and solemn tone. Thomas makes it clear from†¦show more content†¦When dead men reach the final stage of death, therefore, even though their bodies are gone, they shall have stars at elbow and foot. The paradox of having elbows and feet and yet no body reiterates the poems theme of resurrection. More important than the body is the spirit or the life force. Though lovers are lost, the poet says, love shall not. It is not people but peoples spiritual force that shall endure. There is much religious sounding language in the first stanza, in which many are echoes of the language of the King James Bible: naked they shall be one, stars at elbow and foot, and they shall rise again. There is no Christianity here, however. God is never mentioned, there is no talk of souls or of salvation, and the moment at which all shall or shall not happen is not specified as any sort of Judgment Day. Whatever happens to people happens because that is the nature of things, not because a supreme being such as God has ordained it. In the second stanza, Thomas treats the pain of life and death. Even if the pain should be bad enough for peoples faith to snap in two, they will still not suffer a final death. It is nature, not faith, which determines ones ultimate fate. Some may lose their faith as a result of the suffering inherent in life. Perhaps like Thomas they might turn away from the traditional faith of their childhood toward something else. Whatever they decide about God and the universe, their life force will not die because it isShow MoreRelatedDo Not Go Gentle Beowulf, Rhetorical Analysis904 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Do Not Go Gentle† Beowulf, Rhetorical Analysis Life and death are two of the most extensive topics that could be discussed. In regards to â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle†, Dylan Thomas articulates his sincere message on man’s great journey and his demise through the use of expansive literary devices; with the use of riveting rhetoric, the author of Beowulf clearly expresses his view on these broad topics thoroughly. By complimenting the content of their work with the allusive message of the way a man’sRead MoreEssay on Renowned Villanele1590 Words   |  7 PagesGentle into That Good Night† by Dylan Thomas is a magnificent poem that expresses great power, beauty, and gentleness, in which tone and emotion are exquisitely blended. His poem illustrates various ways to approach death. In expressing this, Thomas believes that one should not be so accepting and giving to death, but advocates living up until the last breathe. Thomas’s message is a plea to his ill, dying father, pleading him not to give in , but to fight death. Thomas further suggests that a greatRead MoreLiterary Versatility And Legacy Of Dylan Thomas2387 Words   |  10 PagesPopowski Kristyn Popowski Literary Versatility and Legacy Dylan Thomas? mysticism, intense imagery, intriguing metaphors, and love for the English language and words sounds made him one of the most remarkable poets of the twentieth century. Thomas? Welsh community, life, struggles, family, and careers helped shape the meaning behind his literary works and influenced the uniqueness in his writings. All these factors put together created unique and versatile writings from Thomas that continue to intrigueRead MoreEnglish 10B Unit 4 Analysis of Poetry1144 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Unit 4: Analysis of Poetry This Unit Activity will help you meet these educational goals: 21st Century Skills—You will use critical-thinking and problem-solving skills and communicate effectively. Introduction In this activity, you will read and analyze three poems by different poets and examine the similarities and differences among them. __________________________________________________________________________ Directions and Analysis Task 1: Read and Analyze Poetry Read theseRead MorePoem Explication: and Death Shall Have No Dominion2652 Words   |  11 PagesPoems, Dylan Thomas explored the relationship between life and death. The devastating effects of World War I, the crushing economic consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, and the self-described Great Depression shaped Dylan Thomas’s childhood and subject matter and caused him to cherish the delicate balance of life like few others, giving his unique perspective great influence when coupled with his flowing writing style. In his first published poem â€Å"And Death Shall Have No Dominion,† Dylan ThomasRead MoreAn Unknown Girl Analysis1379 Words   |  6 Pages↠ A Passage To Africa. (Narrative Article, Literary  Analysis.) Poetry Analysis: An Unknown Girl- Moniza  Alvi. 28May In the evening bazaar Studded with neon An unknown girl Is hennaing my hand She squeezes a wet brown line Form a nozzle She is icing my hand, Which she steadies with her On her satin peach knee. In the evening bazaar For a few rupees An unknown girl is hennaing my hand As a little air catches My shadow stitched kameez A peacock spreads its lines Across my palm. Read MoreLiterary Devices and Their Use in Poetry1875 Words   |  8 PagesLITERARY DEVICES AND THEIR USE IN POETRY The task set out in this essay is to examine the listed devices (accentuation, creation of hierarchies, shifts of accent, ambiguity, semanticisation and creation of relationship) of syntactic foregrounding, using examples from poems as illustration. The word ‘foregrounding’ when used in a literary context means to ‘make strange’. In other words poets use various literary and poetic devices in order to highlight a particular unit within a poem, in orderRead MoreEssay British Poetry4052 Words   |  17 PagesEngland. The 1970s saw a fair amount of polemic concerning the discontinuities of the national traditions, most of it concerned with poetry, all of it vulnerable to a blunt totalizing which demonstrated the triumphant ability of nation to organize literary study and judgment--as it does still, perhaps more than ever. It remains the case twenty years later that there is a strong hint of the majority of the english poets to rediscover their ‘Englishness’ as a poet, and at the same time the presenceRead More Christina Rossettis Poetry: Controlled and Passionate Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagespassionate yet the two words are almost a paradox as passion is frequently seen to be at odds with controlled tight structures. Other poets have also followed in Rossettis footsteps by combining tight structured poetic forms with emotion e.g. Dylan Thomas. L.E.L is a prime example of Rossettis technique; it combines a complex structure with a very emotive outcry. The structure is very precise with each verse not only rhyming within itself, in an A, B, A, B, C, C, C pattern, but also withinRead MoreAnalysis of Poems. Half Past Two4135 Words   |  17 Pagesusing words like Smell, Touch, Sound to create a visual impression of how the boy escapes into a myste Analysis: Do Not Go Gentle Into The Good Night. (Dylan  Thomas) In ‘Do Not Go Gentle’ Dylan Thomas addresses the helpless state to which old people are rendered to, and encourages them to not give in quietly to death and fight against its approach. In the first stanza Thomas says what he expects people who are close to death should do. He urges them to live life to its full extent

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times Essay - 1233 Words

‘Hard Times’ is a wonderful story, but when one thinks about the reality that lies behind the work, the novel becomes a masterpiece. This novel becomes very important because utilitarianism was the main thought in Victorian era. Utilitarianism, â€Å"the forms of liberty and equality that will produce the greatest happiness depend on the state of the educational, political, economic, and social structure† (Harris). Everything is explained by logic and facts. It is easy for the reader to find out that Dickens teases this theory, but the exciting thing is how he does it through the characters. â€Å"Now, what I want is, Facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but Facts. Facts alone are wanted in life. Plant nothing else, and root out nothing else†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦One can almost hear Tina Turner singing â€Å"What’s love got to do, with it† in the background. Marriage is an important event in one’s life. Only the facts ar e important in every single situation, and the fact was that Louisa had received a marriage proposal from Mr. Bounderby. She is in between both the world of facts and the world of fancy. Louisa has realized that her fathers training has denied her a life of any â€Å"aspirations and affections† (Stiltner) but one reason for claiming this is the fact that she was a grown woman before she was able to stand up to it, so it may have been too late for her to leave everything ever taught to her completely behind. Even at the end of the novel, she could see things happening to other people around her, but for herself she could not imagine anything good happening. Mr. Gradgrind is a pragmatic character, who is â€Å"a man of realities, a man of facts and calculations† (Princeton’s Gradgrind). He uses utilitarianism in his daily life such as the way that he raises his kids, the way he talks about Sissy’s ‘education’, the talking with Louisa about the proposal, etc. This makes the reader recognize that he is a man living in the world of facts, until something happened. When Louisa comes to him after the problems with Mr. Bounderby, he shows little care to Louisa; her words to him surprise him: â€Å"If I had been stone blind; if I had .......... respects, than I am with the eyes I have† (Dickens 285). IShow MoreRelatedEssay on Industrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times1505 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization and Utilitarianism in Dickens Hard Times       Charles Dickens uses his fictitious town in Hard Times to represent the industrialization of England at that time or close to it. Most of this representation, however, isnt accurately described compared the way things really were during industrialization. It is important to remember throughout this paper that not only is Hard Times a work of fiction, it was meant to be a satire, a parody of ideas and ways of thinking at the time. In mostRead MoreThe Effects Of Industrialization On English Towns Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesHard Times symbolizes the negative effects of industrialization on English towns (Coketown in the story) including education. Charles Dickens was born in 1812, and was a contemporary of the Industrial Revolution. Industries were growing by leaps and bounds; bringing with it pollution, social imbalance and individual confusion. Dickens was rather poor and had no proper education. At the age of 12 he worked in Warren’s Blacking Factory attachin g labels to bottles. He labored hard to educate himselfRead MoreGeorge Dickens s Hard Times1183 Words   |  5 PagesThe Victorian Era marks the rise of Industrialism within Great Britain, and with it, philosophies to match new ethics. Specifically, Utilitarianism became a prominent concept. The idea, born from the minds of Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, considers actions morally correct if they perform the greatest good for the greatest number. Charles Dickens, a famous author of the era, criticized the philosophy for its dehumanizing qualities. Bentham and Mills s philosophy allowed for consequentialism, whereRead More Utilitarian Logic in Hard Times Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarian Logic in  Hard Times Utilitarianism Quadruped. Graminivorous. Forty teeth, namely twenty-four grinders, four eye-teeth, and twelve incisive. Sheds coat in spring...... A perfect example of a product of utilitarian education, Bitzer defines a horse off the top of his head in a split second. Utilitarianism is the assumption that human beings act in a way that highlights their own self interest. It is based on factuality and leaves little room for imagination. Dickens provides three vividRead MoreAnalysis of the Credibility of Characters in Charles Dickens Hard Times1512 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the Credibility of Characters in Charles Dickens Hard Times Hard times was written in 1854 by Charles Dickens. Dickens was a prominent Victorian novelist who wrote about the society that surrounded him. He was educated and middle-class but had some sympathy with the way poor people were treated. He was critical of utilitarianism and felt that those in power showed little understanding of the poor. His sympathy with the poor stemmed from his childhood andRead MoreCharles Dickens Hard Times1494 Words   |  6 Pages May 1, 2015 Mr. Johnson Literature Dickens Calls for Desperate Measures in Hard Times â€Å"I want to change the world.† How many times is that line heard from small children, aspiring to be someone who achieves their maximum potential? If a child is asked how they might go about doing so they might respond with an answer that involves a superhero or princess who helps people for the greater good. As one grows and adapts to their surrounding society, the art of seeing the big picture includingRead MoreUse of Exaggeration in Hard Times1545 Words   |  7 PagesDickens has cleverly used exaggeration in Hard Times, in the form of caricature and farce to criticize the theory of utilitarianism; the popular way of living in the Victorian age. Utilitarianism comes under the theory of consequentialism which dictates that one should always judge an action from its consequences, and follow the course which benefits the majority. By exaggerating his characters he essentially uses them to represent varying views on utilitarianism; ie; what it implies not only asRead M ore Charles Dickens Hard Times Essay1107 Words   |  5 PagesCharles Dickens Hard Times Charles Dickens’s novel Hard Times critiques the use of extreme utilitarianism as an acceptable means to governing a society in which citizens are able to lead happy, productive, flourishing lives. â€Å"Just the facts,†19th century English utilitarianism argued, are all one needs to flourish. Those answers that we can arrive at by way of mathematical, logical reasoning are all needed to live a full human life. Hard Times shows however that a â€Å"just the facts† philosophyRead MoreCharles Dickens Utilitarianism Analysis996 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism and Charles Dickens - The Analysis of Impact of Utilitarianism in Hard Times towards Humanity The utilitarianism, is one of the ethical theory genres which greatly affects the western and even world’s development of philosophy. Its originality can be traced back to ancient Greece Democritus and Epicurean Hedonism theory. Jeremy Bentham is considered to be the founder of the utilitarianism theory during the latter half through 18th century in England. Based on the theory of utilitarianismRead MoreAnalysis: Hard Times by Charles Dickens1807 Words   |  7 PagesHard Times as a Social Commentary with Parallels in the Modern Era The novel Hard Times by Charles Dickens is clearly an incitement of the economic and social burden associated with economic and social disparity. The work is set in a small fictional mill town, Coketown, where the challenges of the newly emerging industrial revolution were fundamentally being set at the footsteps of the poor, who had little if any opportunity for upward mobility. During this period the alternatives for those with

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Essay - 781 Words

Prison Term Policy Recommendation Sean Corrigan CJA/314 G. ANDREW SMITH Aug 15 2014 Prison Term Policy Recommendation I am a criminologist hired by the state legislature to consider bill to double the prison sentence for the commission of a larceny. I will make recommendations on whether this policy of confinement would be the best benefit for all stakeholders. The prison term policy proposal recommends the state legislature will vote on a bill to double the maximum duration an individual receive prison time for larceny if found guilty. This proposal to avail the different solutions that can avail members visually perceive the legislation offers other solutions that may be more popular. Bill is state legislature; The main†¦show more content†¦Changes can culminate expeditiously have a negative impact. I am convinced that if it is not impecunious, do not naprawiaj.NajwaÃ… ¼niejsza advice I can offer adventure in public places, and malefaction has incremented by more law enforcement agencies to provide in these areas. This may increase the amount of deterrence lead law enforcement and to th e citizens of this community safer. I can offer rather than automatically feel confinement double, in lieu of incrementing the 3-4 years. If the project is approved by the state legislature, the prison population increases. After arriving in the increase in the prison population to a certain level, you will require to adjust the trapped sand people to build more prisons. There are always heated debates that arise when one or prison building as a district or municipality wants such facilities near their homes is that no matter what we do or an incipient conception that we will always endeavor. The recommendation I would give to optically canvass spending. Considerations such as cost of housing, food, apparel and medical accommodations for prisoners that will provide the taxpayer applies to the Community. People have to recollect the community forum state legislator and to do what is best for them; Tax increase, there will be a replication to the current conditions of our economy. Th ere are some good conceptions to avail fight malefaction bill; I cerebrate all things being factor to ascertainShow MoreRelatedPrison Term Policy Recommendation Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Prison Term Policy Recommendation Kianna Petty CJA/314 June 16, 2014 Professor Paula Rutkowski Prison Term Policy Recommendation Paper As a realistic matter, it is smart to sustain a bill that addresses a real concern, creates proper use of resources and effectively addresses the problem for which it was intended. It is known that victims of armed robberies want to see the offenders punished. It is noticeable that the public’s desire is to be safe and protected from being aRead MorePrison Tern Policy Recommendation794 Words   |  4 PagesPrison term Policy Recommendation Prison Term Policy Recommendation As a Criminologist Advisor to a member of State Legislature, I have been chosen to provide a prison term policy on armed robbery. Soon, the legislature will be voting on a bill that would double the maximum prison term for anyone who is convicted of armed robbery. Included is a recommendation on this policy and the reasons why the recommendations were chosen. Before I go in great details on the pros and con, I would like toRead MoreThe Second Chance Act Of 2007939 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this act was to ensure that the juvenile and adult offenders and their families are facilitated to reenter the society. The main motive was to increase and improve public safety and at the same time make sure that the increasing population of prison inmates getting reintroduced into society is taken care of (Freudenberg, Daniels, Crum, Perkins, Richie, 2005). Post the passing of legislation, there were a number of issues that were brought up by the opposition. One important point was why theRead MoreThere Are Many Social And Health Needs Of Prisoners, Some1332 Words   |  6 Pagestotal population of prison services in the UK was greater than 85,500 people, a quarter of them were serving a sentence that ranged between 1 and 4 years, whilst people on recall and serving a sentence of 1 year or less made up a total of 8% (Parliament. House of Commons, 2017). This has been highlighted as this paper will concentrate on short stay sentences within the prison environment as opposed to determinate or indeterminate sentences which make up the rest of the prison population. The BradleyRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civil rights movement. Fast-forward to 2008 the election of Barack Obama certified that African-Americans where no longer viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pagesslavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-A merican from the post-slavery to the civil rights movement. Fast-forward to 2008 the election of Barack Obama certified that African-Americans were no longer viewed as second-class citizensRead MoreHuman Rights Watch Describes Housing Policies1342 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Upon release from prison, approximately 600,000 of ex-offenders are being released back into the community annually and will confront legal obstacles in their journey to reenter society. Many prisoners’ ex-offenders return to prison because they are unable to make the transition back into society. One factor that influences recidivism is lack of access to housing. In a study of 404,638 exoffendersRead MoreThe Rate Of Imprisonment Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander1744 Words   |  7 PagesIndigenous people in Australia is considered to be a global issue that must be addressed. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prison rates The increased severity in the criminal justice system towards Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is claimed to be the cause for the increasing incarceration rates. Research shows that the majority of Australian prisons have a high Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, â€Å"since 1989, the imprisonment rates of Aboriginal and Torres StraitRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pageshelped to catapult the War on Drugs from an ambitious federal policy to an actual war (Alexander 5). 2) Do prisons actually deter crime? By the 1970s, what was the general consensus regarding the need for new prison construction? Prison did not deter crime significantly, many experts concluded. Those who had meaningful economic and social opportunities were unlikely to commit crimes regardless of the penalty, while those who went to prison were far more likely to commit crimes again in the futureRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Has Served As A Focal Point Of Much Of Societal Racism993 Words   |  4 PagesProcessing Felony Arrests in New York State). Despite these constructive changes, racial inequalities seem to have decline over time. The alternative approach is to examine the factors that enable white, or middle class, offenders to be sentenced to non-prison terms more frequently and to replicate those conditions for low income people (James F. Nelson, Disparities in Processing Felony Arrests in New York State). For example, if middle class offenders have greater access to drug treatment resources, courts

Cerebral cortex free essay sample

The cerebral cortex is the outer most layer of the brain, and consists of a collection of nerve cells bodies made up from gray matter. The brain is divided into two hemispheres, and in order for communication to take place between each hemisphere the neurons talk to each other, and that’s called corpus callosum. A cool fact about a human cerebral cortex is that it’s larger than any animal. The cerebral cortex is divided into four lobes that also have the specific and different functions to each lobe, but they also have to all work together. The four lobes are called frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital. The first lobe is called the frontal lobe, its located behind the forehead. This is the largest of the four, but takes the longest mature at the age around 25. The frontal lobe is mostly known for planning movements and also contains a motor cortex, in charge of controlling certain movements, for example moving one finger at a time. We will write a custom essay sample on Cerebral cortex or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has Executive functions, to name a few attention, judgment, memory, organization, and planning. It’s involved with decision making, problem solving, and planning. Another example when you’re watching the super bowl game and need something upstairs, so you yell their name to get their attention to bring you something downstairs, but if you were watching the game at a restaurant you wouldn’t shout to get your servers attention. The frontal lobe helps control impulses so you have better judgment. The second lobe is called occipital, located in the very back of the brain. The visual cortex receives and begins processing information. The eyes send visual information to the thalamus, which acts like a relay station. A fact about an occipital lobe is people can become blind because of damage to the occipital lobe of the brain. Third lobe is called parietal lobe, located on top of the head; also known for sensory cortex which is parallel to the motor cortex . The main function of this lobe is to do with touch sensations, speech, information processing, and spatial touch. An example of parietal is if you’re looking at your dog, your parietal lobe would give you information to which direction your eyes are pointing, the position of your head. Fourth lobe is called temporal lobe, located on the lower side of each hemisphere, near your temples. On the left side of your brain its functions is to understand spoken language to most. Other functions can be vision, being aware of movement, emotional response, remembering people’s faces. The most important function in the temporal lobe is hearing. The ears hear based on frequencies of sounds, then process the information into speech and words.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Amway in China free essay sample

Q1 Why is it important for Amway to be good corporate citizen in China? Can â€Å"doing good† overcome negative or inaccurate perceptions of the direct selling industry in China? It is important for Amway to be a good corporate citizen in China. It is because Amway would like to change the perception of multilevel marketing/ direct sell. The Chinese officials interpreted the direct selling as â€Å"passing product from one layer of participants to another layer of participants, with product price increased at each layer†. In another words, they think that the end consumer pay more than the actual product value. And in certain extend, it reflect also the general perception of Chinese citizens on Amway. As a result, even Amway claimed that they are more concern about the product quality instead of business license, but people just simply by pass this point. Being a good corporate citizen can change the image of Amway, showing Amway care about the Chinese, not just their m oney. We will write a custom essay sample on Amway in China or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Secondly it is a kind of compromise with China officials, to exchange an authorization from them to allow Amway to continue the business in a legal way. Continuously convincing China official to modify the regulations, allowing Amway in certain extends, to do direct sales business in China. Thirdly, being a good â€Å"Corporate Citizen†, staying close with China officials, knowing the most updated regulation in the quickest way. Having chance to negotiate with China official about how to adopt the new regulations. From the result of Amway turnover and the sales network expansion in greater China, yes, they have overcome the bad image of direct sales. Amway shows their intension to become a member of China, building up their manufacturing plants, creating job opportunities to China people, helping China in the case of joining WTO. Giving China people an impression that they are no just a foreign company who just want to make profit from Chain, but also to invest growth together with China people. Q2 To what degree has Amway standardized its brand globally? How has it adopted its promotion strategy to local conditions in China? Despite of the product quality, another core part of the Amway brand is the multilevel direct sell, which they believe it is where the profit lie. They think that letting people to set up their own selling network, own selling team, getting profit/commission/compensation base on their effort and result, are the most effective way to generate business. Amway views their product portfolio in terms of the way in which products support the business opportunity. The intention of Amway to maintain this kind of business model can be seem from the way that Amway to do business in China. With the government regulation, Amway have changed the way to do business in China. However, they are in a way that not directly hiring the staff to sell the product. Instead, they give their â€Å"agents† compensation base on team performance and own sales result. After the China official first announced the restriction of direct sales, Amway has set up a nationwide network of retail outlet, act as the bases for the direct sellers to promote the items. Giving each product a retail price and letting the registered direct seller to have discount from the retail price. The registered direct sellers can get their own profit for the different between retail prices and discount price. With the reinforcement of the regulation, Amway further modified the business model by recruiting sales representatives to promote their products and getting compensation base on performance and result. At the same time, Amway has done more advertisement, which could help the sales representative to generate the business. Q3 What options does Amway have to address the new regulations on direct selling in China? What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with each? To address the new regulations, Amway has: 1). Setting up retail location, the major reason/advantage is that it could let Amway to get business license and continuous business in China. On the other hand, it helps Amway to set up national sales network also. However, it can be easily understand that the cost to maintain and expand the retail shop will be high. 2). Setting up recruit system, which help Amway to get the business license, and at the same time to maintain the quality of the agents/representative. The approval to continue business stipulated that  sales representative income was base on individual result. The limited the attraction of forms of direct selling that might lead to pyramid frauds. However, the administrative cost of the recruiting/hiring system will be higher and motivation to the sales to form a team is less. 3). Doing more advertising, which help to improve the image of Amway in general public. Turning their focus on Amway’s business model towards the quality of Amway’s product. It also helps to facilitate the sales by letting consumer know more about Amway and their retail location/sales network. However, advertising always cost a lot especially in tier one cities in China. 4). Doing corporate sponsorships to enhanced its reputation in China. Helping them to have go relationship with China official and also good image in general public. However, in order to get this result, Amway has to continuously doing the corporate sponsorship in long term and the input of money might be huge. 5). Setting up production facilities in China, to reduce the depended on importing the products to China market and also generate the job position for China workers However maintaining the production facilities and adopting labor regulation might cost a lot. 6). Helping China in participation in the WTO, which help Amway to improve their relationship with China officials. However, the return of these kind of volunteer jobs is not guaranteed. Q4 What is your recommendation for a communication strategy during this transition period? First of all, there are several stakeholders that Amway should put more focus on them and they are China Government, Individual business partners, Consumer, Competitors, Media and Headquarter. Amway should always state close with China officials and maybe setting up conference for them, letting them know more about direct selling and the international regulation. Helping Chia government in setting examination system and make sure the certification system is up to international standard. So the Amway can get the most updated regulation information from China and become one to parties in setting up the certification system. By providing training, assessment to the individual business partners (sales), helping them to get the certificate. This could ensure the professional service quality provided by Amway sales representatives. At the same time, the sales representatives can understand more about the Amway  brand and become more loyalty to the company. They are more willing to work in Amway, where provide them training and opportunities. Letting the consumers know that with the new examination and certification system. Amway sales representative are professional and selling good quality product with reasonable value. A good communication with media must be ensured, so that it could let the general public know the changes of Amway and the cooperation social activities done by Amway. It could help to build up good reputation and image of Amway and their business models. As a result not resist on direct sale. Amway China should always give feedback to headquarter. Letting them keep update with the new regulations in China. Making proposals to adopt the change and getting fully understanding and support from headquarter.