The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Twelve

Stefan took a gander at Elena, snow gems cleaning his dim hair. â€Å"What about Matt?† â€Å"I recall something. It's not satisfactory. Yet, that first night, when I wasn't acting naturally - did I see Matt at that point? Did I-?† Dread and a wiped out feeling of consternation expand her throat and cut her words off. Be that as it may, she didn't have to complete, and Stefan didn't have to reply. She saw it in his eyes. â€Å"It was the main way, Elena,† he said at that point. â€Å"You would have passed on without human blood. Okay rather have assaulted someone reluctant, harmed them, possibly murdered them? The need can drive you to that. Is that what you would have wanted?† â€Å"No,† Elena said savagely. â€Å"But did it need to be Matt? Goodness, don't answer that; I can't consider any other person, either.† She took a precarious breath. â€Å"But now I'm stressed over him, Stefan. I haven't seen him since that night. Is it accurate to say that he is alright? What has he said to you?† â€Å"Not much,† said Stefan, turning away. † ‘Leave only me' was about the significance of it. He additionally denied that anything happened that night, and said that you were dead.† â€Å"Sounds like one of those people who can't cope,† Damon remarked. â€Å"Oh, shut up!† said Elena. â€Å"You keep out of this, and keeping in mind that you're grinding away, you may consider poor Vickie Bennett. How d'you believe she's adapting these days?† â€Å"It may help on the off chance that I knew who this Vickie Bennett is. You continue discussing her, yet I've never met the girl.† â€Å"Yes, you have. Try not to mess around with me, Damon-the graveyard, recall? The demolished church? The young lady you left meandering around there in her slip?† â€Å"Sorry, no. What's more, I for the most part recollect young ladies I leave meandering in their slips.† â€Å"I assume Stefan did it, then,† Elena said wryly. Outrage flashed to the outside of Damon's eyes, secured rapidly with an upsetting grin. â€Å"Maybe he did. Perhaps you did. It's no different to me, then again, actually I'm getting somewhat burnt out on allegations. Also, presently â€Å" â€Å"Wait,† said Stefan, with astounding mellowness. â€Å"Don't go yet. We should talk-† â€Å"I'm apprehensive I have a past engagement.† There was a whirlwind of wings, and Stefan and Elena were distant from everyone else. Elena put a knuckle to her lips. â€Å"Damn. I didn't intend to drive him mad. After he was actually nearly enlightened all evening.† â€Å"Never mind,† said Stefan. â€Å"He likes to be furious. What were you saying about Matt?† Elena saw the exhaustion in Stefan's face and put an arm around him. â€Å"We won't talk about it now, yet I think tomorrow perhaps we ought to go see him. To tell him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena lifted her other hand vulnerably. She didn't have a clue what she needed to tell Matt; she just realized that she expected to accomplish something. talk about it now, yet I think tomorrow perhaps we ought to go see him. To tell him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena lifted her other hand weakly. She didn't have the foggiest idea what she needed to tell Matt; she just realized that she expected to accomplish something. Elena took a gander at him hard. â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"But-will you be okay? I should remain with you-â€Å" â€Å"I'll be fine, Elena,† Stefan said tenderly, â€Å"Go on.† Elena dithered, at that point gestured. â€Å"I won't be long,† she guaranteed him. Inconspicuous, Elena slipped around the side of the edge house with the stripping paint and the slanted letter drop named Honeycutt. Matt's window was opened. Imprudent kid, she thought reprovingly. Don't you realize something may come sneaking in? She facilitated it open, obviously that was the extent that she could go. An undetectable obstruction that felt like a delicate mass of thickened air hindered her direction. â€Å"Matt,† she murmured. The room was dull, yet she could see an unclear shape on the bed. An advanced clock with light green numbers demonstrated that it was 12:15. â€Å"Matt,† she murmured once more. The figure blended. â€Å"Uh?† â€Å"Matt, I would prefer not to terrify you.† She made her voice alleviating, attempting to wake him delicately as opposed to surprise him out of his brains. â€Å"But it's me, Elena, and I needed to talk. Just you must ask me in first. Would you be able to ask me in?† â€Å"Uh. Hey there in.† Elena was astonished at the absence of shock in his voice. It was simply after she'd gotten over the ledge that she understood he was still snoozing. â€Å"Matt. Matt,† she murmured, hesitant to go excessively close. The room was smothering and overheated, the radiator going to the max. She could see an unshod standing out of the hill of covers on the bed and fair hair at the top. â€Å"Matt?† Tentatively, she hung over and contacted him. That got a reaction. With a touchy snort, Matt sat straight up, whipping around. At the point when his eyes met hers, they were wide and gazing. Elena wound up attempting to look little and innocuous, nonthreatening. She stepped back against the divider. â€Å"I didn't intend to scare you. I know it's a stun. Be that as it may, will you converse with me?† He essentially continued gazing at her. His yellow hair was sweat-soaked and raised a ruckus. She could see his heartbeat beating in his exposed neck. She was apprehensive he would get up and run out of the room. At that point his shoulders loose, drooping, and he gradually shut his eyes. He was apprehensive he would get up and run out of the room. â€Å"Yes,† she murmured. â€Å"You're dead.† â€Å"No. I'm here.† â€Å"Dead individuals don't return. My father didn't come back.† â€Å"I didn't generally bite the dust. I just changed.† Matt's eyes were as yet closed in disavowal, and Elena felt a virus wave of sadness wash over her. â€Å"But you wish I had passed on, isn't that right? I'll leave now,† she murmured. Matt's face split and he began to cry. â€Å"No. Gracious, no. Goodness, don't, Matt, please.† She wound up supporting him, battling not to cry herself. â€Å"Matt, I'm grieved; I shouldn't have come here.† â€Å"Don't leave,† he wailed. â€Å"Don't go away.† â€Å"I won't.† Elena lost the battle, and tears fell onto Matt's clammy hair. â€Å"I didn't intend to hurt you, ever,† she said. â€Å"Not ever, Matt. Each one of those occasions, every one of those things I did-I never needed to hurt you. Truly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then she quit talking and simply held him. Inevitably his breathing calmed and he sat back, swiping his face with a fistful of sheet. His eyes maintained a strategic distance from hers. There was a look all over, of shame, yet of doubt, as though he were preparing himself for something he feared. â€Å"Okay, so you're here. You're alive,† he said generally. â€Å"So what do you want?† Elena was confused. â€Å"Come on, there must be something. What is it?† New tears gushed, however Elena swallowed them back. â€Å"I surmise I merit that. I realize I do. Be that as it may, for once, Matt, I need literally nothing. I came to apologize, to state that I'm upset for utilizing you that one night, however consistently. I care about you, and I give it a second thought on the off chance that you hurt. I thought perhaps I could make things better.† After an overwhelming quietness, she included, â€Å"I surmise I will leave now.† â€Å"No, pause. Hold up a second.† Matt scoured at his face with the sheet once more. â€Å"Listen. That was dumb, and I'm a jolt â€Å" â€Å"That was reality and you're a refined man. Or then again you'd've advised me to go take a climb quite a while ago.† â€Å"No, I'm a dumb twitch. I ought to be slamming my head against the divider with satisfaction since you're not dead. I will in a moment. Listen.† He got her wrist and Elena took a gander at it in gentle shock. â€Å"I couldn't care less in case you're the Creature from the Black Lagoon, It, Godzilla and Frankenstein all folded up into one. I just-â€Å" â€Å"Matt.† Panicked, Elena put her free hand over his mouth. â€Å"I know. You're locked in to the person operating at a profit cape. Try not to stress; I recall him. I even like him, however God knows why.† Matt slowly inhaled and appeared to quiet down. â€Å"Look, I don't have the foggiest idea whether Stefan let you know. He said a lot of stuff to me - about being malevolent, about not being upset for what he did to Tyler. You recognize what I'm talking about?† â€Å"I know. You're locked in to the person operating at a profit cape. Try not to stress; I recall him. I even like him, however God knows why.† Matt slowly inhaled and appeared to quiet down. â€Å"Look, I don't have the foggiest idea whether Stefan let you know. He said a lot of stuff to me - about being detestable, about not being upset for what he did to Tyler. You comprehend what I'm talking about?† Matt gestured. â€Å"So it was your fundamental poo. I ought to have known.† â€Å"Well, it is and it isn't. The need is solid, more grounded than you can imagine.† It was unfolding on Elena that she hadn't took care of today and that she'd been ravenous before they'd set out for Alaric's. â€Å"In actuality Matt, I would do well to go. Only a certain something if there's a move tomorrow evening, don't go. Something will happen at that point, something terrible. We're going to attempt to monitor it, yet I don't have the foggiest idea what we can do.† â€Å"Who's ‘we'?† Matt said pointedly. â€Å"Stefan and Damon-I think Damon-and me. Furthermore, Meredith and Bonnie†¦ and Alaric Saltzman. Try not to get some information about Alaric. It's a long story.† â€Å"But what are you guarding against!† â€Å"I overlooked; you don't have the foggiest idea. That is a long story, as well, but†¦ well, the short answer is, whatever slaughtered me. Whatever made those pooches assault individuals at my dedication administration. It's something terrible, Matt, that has been around Fell's Church for some time now. What's more, we're going to attempt to prevent it from doing anything tomorrow night.† She made an effort not to wriggle. â€Å"Look, I'm grieved, yet I should leave.† Her eyes floated, in spite of herself, to the expansive blue vein in his neck. At the point when she figured out how to tear her look away and see his face, she saw stun offering approach to abrupt comprehension. Th

Essay on Effectiveness of Authors Presentation Essay Example for Free

Exposition on Effectiveness of Authors Presentation Essay A history educator needs to instruct history. How might he/she do this? There are a wide range of approaches to introduce history to a wide assortment of crowd individuals. Individuals comprehend and decipher data all on an alternate level due to the manner in which a writer would introduce it, regardless of whether it be through an article or picture. There are numerous configurations regarding which there could be data introduced articles, recordings, sonnets, and work of art. Three things that are fundamental to responding to the inquiry over: the class of the data, knowing the crowd, and containing the subject information. The introduction must contain the above segments to influence ones comprehension of history in the best way. Regardless of this, one must recollect that nobody position shows history from each point of view. Hence, every individual will comprehend history in an alternate way, as per the organization of the introduction. Most importantly, the data, otherwise called the subject information, itself is a key idea to a creators introduction, and thusly, ones comprehension of history. Without the right subject information, the introduction would be of no utilization since it would not be focusing on the objective of getting history. The creator ought to likewise ensure the data is applicable to the subject, which for this situation is history, or, in all likelihood the crowd will lose intrigue and get exhausted with the introduction. The data ought to likewise be communicated all through the whole introduction to have the most important effect on the crowd. One of the Common Core gauges for basic believing is to give the most proper and pertinent data/information and that the subject information be deciphered completely. In the event that it’s a school necessity, shouldn’t it be performed during introductions too? The introduction ought to likewise engage the creators crowd for most extreme impact and endorsement. The crowd can be a sure objective, (for example, senior residents) or a speculation for all age gatherings. The creator would need to remember what he/she is attempting to accomplish and how he/she could draw in the intended interest group. It is critical for this situation, to have data pertinent to that age gathering. For instance, would an educator talk about decimation in Sudan to first graders? Data is accessible through various mediums and for this situation, it would be classifications. All data is given through scholarly content, true to life content, recordings, and fine art. Scholarly content, normally a sonnet or short story, permits the creator to seek after an increasingly enthusiastic relationship with the crowd. It would subsequently, have the option to influence the more passionate part of any occasion ever. One such model is the sonnet, The Fall of Fort Sumter. It portrayed the Confederate perspective and the sentiments they harbored against the North. The armada turned gradually southward; we saw the last boat go, We had spared old Carolina from the abuse of the adversary, is a piece of the verse in the sonnet and communicated Confederate emotions towards the Union. Thereby, the crowd would have the option to associate on a more profound level to the unique circumstance. Verifiable writings take into consideration a speedy, brief outline right to a profound, very much idea out examination on a chronicled occasion. These writings are generally the most instructive and straight-forward in an introduction. They likewise can give an increasingly reasonable tone to the composition. A model is â€Å"The Battle of Fort Sumter†. It had an investigation on the whole fight from an impartial perspective. Once in a while, creators will favor one side and express their feeling on a specific subject. Recordings give visual and sound-related guides to the crowd, it consolidates the components of true to life content and work of art simultaneously. Recordings can improve the learning experience of the individuals who like joined organizations. One such model is the â€Å"Fort Sumter Animated Map† from the Civil War Trust Fund site. It demonstrated an enlivened fight recreation of Fort Sumter and the Union army positioned there. Fine art empowers visual students to utilize their eyes to impart the inclination put away inside artistic creations and different show-stoppers. Much the same as scholarly content, it associates all the more sincerely and permits the crowd to envision and envision the scene or spot ever. A model is the Currier and Ives painting of Fort Sumter. It indicated detonating mortars and Confederate batteries terminating upon the radiant Fort Sumter in the Charleston Harbor. The rules for an introduction ought to incorporate the right subject information, fitting objective crowd, and various sorts of the occasion ever. Every medium if introduction present and offers knowledge on alternate points of view. For instance, take the issue of the American dream. Some state its solitary a heritage of the past from the Founding Fathers period while others state that it is more grounded than at any other time. On the off chance that one were just to peruse an enlightening book brimming with supposition that the American dream is gone, one could just observe from one viewpoint or perspective. He/she would just comprehend one side of the issue. Assuming be that as it may, he/she read another instructive article supporting the American dream, at that point one could see the two decisions on an issue and get them. To address the article question, everybody can have an alternate point of view on a similar issue, contingent upon the class in a writers introduction.

My Career Essays

My Career Essays My Career Essay My Career Essay Presently, this is the way open to me. I Am as of now a Care Assistant for which I required no conventional capabilities to be, be that as it may, a NVQ level 2 or what could be compared to would mean I am qualified for a higher pace of pay.The following stage is the Senior Carer, In request to apply you should have, or be reading for, your NVQ level 3 or proportionate thereof. The Staff Handbook and Greensleeves site has this data. After the Senior Carer, the organization has now and again, utilized a Senior Supervisor. The capabilities required for this are equivalent to the Senior Carer however is for those individuals who are attempting to make a vocation in the consideration business and are given a more office relax job than a Senior would have.It isn't generally a place that is being used, the Home chief has the choice to enroll somebody for this job. They would be required to take a functioning part in the preparation of staff and help out with the overseeing of the home on an a lot more significant level than the Seniors do. * right now, the following stage is to get your NVQ Level 5 (or proportionate) and go after the job of * Deputy Manager, right now there is one delegate yet soon, with the extension of our home there will be a subsequent Deputy to help the manager.With the development comes the likelihood that we will end up being a nursing home and should that emerge, the home administrator has exh orted me that the Company may think about getting individuals from staff through Nursing College to get their RGN status and their PIN. Should this happen then that would be a choice and should I go that way it might open up another entire road of potential however until further notice, I incorporate just with the end goal of a total picture. * Finally the keep going spot I have on my way is the Registered Home Manager.This position is commonly given to the individuals who have an a Level 5 (at any rate) and quite a long while experience inside the Care Industry. I trust one day to arrive at this level however it’s far off and I may change my vocation designs later on to possibly fan out to do preparing or Nursing so I remembered it for my way yet what's to come is consistently moving and I have not investigated this to an extreme yet the Home Manager is glad to examine the prerequisites when and on the off chance that I ask him.

Sociology and Globalisation Essay -- Sociology Essays

Numerous students of history and sociologists have recognized a change in the monetary procedures of the world and society as of late. There has been a broad increment in advancements in innovation and the economy overall in the twentieth century. Globalization has been perceived as another age in which the world has formed into what Giddens distinguishes to be a â€Å"single social system† (Anthony Giddens: 1993 ‘Sociology’ pg 528), because of the ascent of association of different nations on each other, along these lines influencing for all intents and purposes everybody inside society. In this article I will give an itemized clarification of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have attempted to clarify it. Globalization can be interpreted from numerous points of view. Numerous sociologists portray it as a period in which national sway is vanishing because of an innovative upset, making reality be for all intents and purposes insignificant. It is a financial upset, which Roland Robertson alludes to in his book ‘Globalisation’ 1992 pg 8, as â€Å"the pressure of the world and the heightening of awareness of the world as a whole†. It is contended that globalization permits the world to turn out to be progressively increasingly joined together, with individuals progressively aware of ethnic, cultural, civilizational and singular parts of their lives. While investigating the subject of globalization, sociologists have ordered the term into three parts, financial, political and social globalization. They have done this all together clarify what it implies. I have pointed inside this exposition to clarify every one of the three sorts of globalization so as to reply the article question. I plan to focus for the most part on the monetary an... ...e† them (Marsh, ‘Making Sense of Society’, 2000 pg 487). What we can comprehend in general, is the thing that sociologists mean by the term globalization is that it is a significant, unique procedure which is influencing the world hugely. It appears from what I have inspected so far about globalization that there may come a period inevitably, when a world government appears, where universal imbalances will continuously remain and where social clash will consistently be dynamic. This is since the arrangements that drive the globalization procedure are to a great extent focussed on the requirements of business. Globalization is a proceeding with process which should be overseen carefully. It is a urgent improvement which has and consistently will cause huge social changes inside society and the world all in all.

Social Change Essay Topics - The Audience

Social Change Essay Topics - The AudienceOne of the most important things that you need to learn about social change essay topics is that you need to be writing for a specific audience. For example, if you're writing an essay about immigration reform for college students, your essay should address the issues that they have and try to relate to them. If you're writing an essay about poor health care in America for the school newspaper, you have a different audience that you will be addressing. This is a good way to remember that if you're writing about a topic, you need to know who your audience is before you write your essay.That is not to say that the subject matter will not still affect you as a writer. It will affect you, but not for the same reasons that it would affect any other writer. Remember that the purpose of writing a Social Change essay is to make a difference in people's lives and a change that you might not be able to achieve if you were writing about something else. Y ou will be writing for a general audience, which means that the emphasis on the work should be on how the writing can be used to make a difference in peoples' lives.Social change essay topics can include anything from corporate social responsibility to government social programs. The topics should be chosen based on the audience you are writing for. If you're writing for a college student, there might be a bit more emphasis on the corporate business aspect, but there should still be a good amount of focus on personal responsibility. If you're writing for the newspaper, you will probably want to go for a more personal angle that relates to the writer's personal life. It might even help to use a title to draw the reader's attention to the personal aspects.Social change essay topics don't necessarily have to be very unique or hard to come up with ideas for. Some things that are very common themes in human society are used, especially if the topic is something that people have been disc ussing for a long time. Whether it's inequality poverty, or natural disasters, the themes are often used in a variety of ways, depending on the topic at hand.Regardless of what topic you choose, it's important to include personal things as well. Personal experience is very powerful in persuading a person to change their mind on a very important topic. When you include personal experiences as part of your essay, you are working on two fronts at once. You are addressing the listener and making yourself look good in the process.Your audience needs to know that you care about them, and you need to show them that you are willing to take some sort of action that will help them. As a writer, the best thing you can do is be sincere, honest, and true to yourself. You don't have to be someone that will go out of your way to hide your personal feelings and thoughts. You just need to be able to communicate them to an audience.Writing a Social Change essay is very much like writing a personal es say. If you go in with the mindset that the reader is just there to read and hear about yourself, you will be able to write at the top of your game. Instead of trying to sell yourself, it will be much easier to just read about yourself and think about what you have to offer the reader. The difference between writing for an audience and writing for yourself is important, and you should always be sure that you are doing it the right way.Remember that the focus of your writing should be on helping people in some way in order to change some part of their lives. If you can accomplish this goal, then it will be enough to make a difference in the world. Social change essay topics are no different from other essay topics, except that they have a special twist to them that makes it all the more important that you keep in mind who your audience is when you start writing your essay.

Economics Multiple Choice Questions Assignment Paper - 825 Words

Economics Multiple Choice Questions Assignment Paper (Multiple Choice Questions Sample) Content: QUESTION 1 1 Assume that all firms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 81 +4q +q2. Assume that initially the price in this market equals 18. Which of the following is true for a typical firm in the industry?In the short run, the firm realises profits but in the long run as more firms join the market, the profits will reduce setting this firm out of businessA profit maximising firm will shut down in the short run and exit the industry in the long run. A profit maximising firm will not shut down in the short run but will exit the industry in the long run. A profit maximising firm will not shut down in the short run and will not exit the industry in the long run. A profit maximising firm will shut down in the short run and but will re-enter the industry in the long run. None of the above. 1 points QUESTION 2 1 When Picassos Gelatos ice-creamery in Newtown increases the price of their triple waffle by 10 percent, sales decrease by 5 per cent. This indicates that:Demand decreases by less than the change in price hence inelastic at a rate of 5/10 = 1/2Demand is elastic and own price elasticity of demand in absolute terms equals 2. Demand is inelastic and own price elasticity of demand in absolute terms equals 2. Demand is elastic and own price elasticity of demand in absolute terms equals . Demand is inelastic and own price elasticity of demand in absolute terms equals . None of the above 1 points QUESTION 3 1 Assume that the price of sorbet at Giuseppes Best Italian ice-creamery increases from $3.90 to $4.10. If the quantity demanded of triple waffles at Picassos Gelatos ice-creamery decreases by 10 percent this is consistent with:Ice cream and waffles are complements hence demand for one leads to fall in demand for the other hence price elasticity is given by (3.9 4.1) / 0.1 = -2Using the mid-point formula, sorbet and waffles having a cross price elasticity equal to -0.5 and being substitutes. Using the mid-point formula, sorbet and waffles having a cross price elasticity equal to -2.0 and being substitutes. Using the mid-point formula, sorbet and waffles having a cross price elasticity equal to -0.5 and being complements. Using the mid-point formula, sorbet and waffles having a cross price elasticity equal to -2.0 and being complements. None of the above 1 points QUESTION 4 1 Assume that all firms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 128 +8q +2q2. Further, the market demand curve is given by: p = 72-2Q. In the long run the equilibrium price equals:(check the image calculation sent to you earlier)2. 4. 8. 40. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 5 1 The market supply curve for scooters is given by the following: Qs= 2p 100. At a price of 100:Qs = (2*100) 100 = 100 Percentage change of quantity is higher than change in price hence elastic (100/100) =1Own price elasticity of supply equals 1/2 and supply is elastic. Own pri ce elasticity of supply equals 2 and supply is elastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 1/2 and supply is inelastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 2 and supply is inelastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 1 and supply has unit elasticity. 1 points QUESTION 6 1 Assume that all firms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 128 +8q +2q2. Further, the market demand curve is given by: p = 72-2Q. In the long run equilibrium profit for each firm equals:B(check calculation sent earlir0. 32. 64. 1024. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 7 1 Consider a constant cost industry that is perfectly competitive and in which the demand curve is downward sloping. Further, starting from a long run equilibrium assume that firms experience an improvement in technology that lowers average total cost but does not change marginal cost. In the long run, we would expect:The improvement in technology will only affect the p roducers hence improvement will be noticed on their parts as opposed to consumers.Consumer surplus to increase and producer surplus to remain unchanged. Consumer surplus to decrease and producer surplus to remain unchanged. Producer surplus to increase and consumer surplus to remain unchanged. Producer surplus to decrease and consumer surplus to remain unchanged. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 8 1 Consider a competitive market where firms have U-shaped cost curves. Which of the following is true?In the long run, there is low demand due to the high costs while in the short run, the standardized prices result to a consistent demand that is neither increasing or decreasing.The long run market supply curve for a constant cost industry is upward sloping, and, the short run supply curve of each firm is upward sloping. The long run market supply curve for an increasing cost industry is upward sloping, and, the short run supply curve of each firm is upward sloping. The long run market supply curve for a decreasing cost industry is upward sloping, and, the short run supply curve of each firm is upward sloping. The long run market supply curve for an increasing cost industry is downward sloping, and, the short run supply curve of each firm is horizontal. None of the above. 1 points QUESTION 9 1 Assume that all firms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 81 +4q +q2. At what price will a firm shut down in the short run?The firms will shut down when demand is lower than cost.2. 4. 9. 22. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 10 1 Consider a market with the following demand and supply curves:QD= 500 - 2pQs= p + 50At the market equilibrium, what is the consumer surplus (CS) and producer surplus (PS)?Difference between what the consumer is willing and able to pay and the actual amount pay) ( I will attache the calculation as an image)CS= 10000, PS=0. CS=0, PS=10000. CS =5000, PS=5000. CS=10000, PS= 10000. None of the above. 1 points QUESTION 11 1 Assume that all firms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 128 +8q +2q2. Further, the market demand curve is given by: p = 72-2Q. In the long run the number of firms in the market equals:We need to be given the market price so that we divide by the units available for each firm. This information is not available2. 4. 8. 40. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 12 1 The market supply curve for scooters is given by the following: Qs= 2p 100. Between a price of 55 and 65:Demand decreases by less than the change in price hence inelastic at a rate of 60/180 = 1/3Own price elasticity of supply equals 1/3 and supply is elastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 3 and supply is elastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 1/3 and supply is inelastic. Own price elasticity of supply equals 3 and supply is inelastic. None of the above 1 poi nts QUESTION 13 1 Consider a competitive market for coffee mugs that exhibits constant cost and in which the demand curve is downward sloping. Further, starting from a long run equilibrium assume that incomes increase and coffee mugs are an inferior good. In such a case in the long run we would expect:In the case of an inferior goods, an increase in income will lead to an increase in demand therefore leading to an increase in the market price of the mugs. Similarly, the equilibrium quantity would also increase due to the increase in demand.Market price to remain unchanged and equilibrium quantity in the market to increase. Market price to remain unchanged and equilibrium quantity in the market to decrease. Market price to increase and equilibrium quantity in the market to decrease. Market price to increase and equilibrium quantity in the market to increase. Market price to increase and equilibrium quantity in the market to remain unchanged. 1 points QUESTION 14 1 Assume that all fir ms in a competitive industry have cost curves given by the following: TC = 128 +8q +2q2. Further, the market demand curve is given by: p = 72-2Q. In the long run the equilibrium each firm that remains in the market will produce:TC = TR =128 + 8q +2q2 = 72q 2q22. 4. 8. 40. More information is required to answer this question. 1 points QUESTION 15 1 Consider a market with the following demand and supply curves:QD= 500 - 2pQs= p + 50At the market equilibrium:500 2p = p + 50 3p = 450 p = 60PED = change in quantity/ change in price= 180/120 = 3/2The absolute value of own price el...

Net Neutrality Today - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2319 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Net Neutrality Essay Did you like this example? On September 30, 2018 California Senate Bill 822 was signed into law. The law effectively established statewide net neutrality laws modeled on federal regulations which were overturned by the FCCs Restoring Internet Freedom Order in December of 2017. This is yet another step in an ongoing battle to establish laws that would prevent Internet Service Providers (ISPs) from discriminating against data from specific sources in an online environment. Net neutrality continues to be an evolving concept, and despite broad support from the public, the United States government has had difficulty establishing long-term solutions within the current legal framework. Principles of Network Neutrality The origin of the term network neutrality is widely attributed to Tim Wus 2003 article Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination. In his prescient opening line, Wu (2003) states that: Communications regulators over the next decade will spend increasing time on conflicts between the private interests of broadband providers and the publics interest in a competitive innovate environment centered on the internet (p. 141). In the United States, these conflicts have resulted in various regulatory frameworks and court challenges, and the debate is constantly changing. This discussion has many aspects (technological, economic, intellectual freedom, political etc.), and the future of net neutrality is still very much undecided. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Net Neutrality Today" essay for you Create order The definitions of net neutrality vary widely. Wu (2003) had originally focused mostly on internet architecture and application restrictions, rather than throttling or bandwidth prioritization. However, network neutrality has mostly come to focus on regulating discrimination of content providers, end users or services by internet service providers (ISPs) (De Diego Martin, 2016, p. 5). Much of the recent debate has focused on a definition of net neutrality that specifically prohibits ISPs from slowing down, speeding up, or blocking internet traffic based on where it is coming from, where it is going, or who owns it (White, 2014, p. 152). Net neutrality focuses on the interactions between three groups, the operators (ISPs), content and application providers (often internet companies such as Google, Amazon, Apple, etc.), and internet users. One of the main concerns in regards to net neutrality is the concentrated power of the ISPs. There are a very limited number of ISPs available, and most users have very limited, if any, choices for broadband internet service providers (Guo, 2017, p. 131). ISPs operate in a near-monopolistic state and arguably represent a private power that cannot be checked by market competition or consumer choice (Rahman, 2018, p. 1651-1652). This concentrated private control over critical infrastructure is a legitimate concern and opens up many opportunities for exploitative practices (Rahman, 2018, p. 1650). Net neutrality fears are in nt ungrounded, as cases of ISPs using their power to throttle or favor specific services have already occurred, such as the case of Comcast asking Netflix to pay f or faster service (Gustin, 2014), or its intentional throttling of BitTorrent (Kravets, 2008). The public is seen to widely support net neutrality as a concept. A recent poll showed that 83 % of Americans opposed repealing net neutrality regulations, largely regardless of political party (University of Maryland Program for Public Consultation, 2017). However, net neutrality does have its detractors, who argue that these regulations take money away from ISPs who would reinvest these funds to improve overall bandwidth and access. ISPs also argue that a so called dumb pipe system in which all data is treated equally will mean they are completely left out of decision making processes and lose their powers to shape internet progress (De Diego Martin, 2016). Economic arguments are an important part of the debate. The Internet Association estimates that the internet was responsible for 6 % of U.S. GDP in 2014 (Siwek, 2015). The capital involved is extremely large and battles between ISPs and content providers have been ongoing for years. Network usage has been steadily increasing f or years, but fees for service have often not risen as rapidly, making additional income from fees on content providers appealing to ISPs (White, 2014, 152). Net neutrality laws prevent ISPs from maximizing their profits and ISPs have fought hard through lobbying and legal battles to prevent any type of regulation. The FCC largely cited neoliberal ideas of broadband access as a self-regulating market that could effectively police itself when removing the most recent net neutrality regulations (Berghel, 2017). The near-monopolistic nature of ISPs makes this less highly unlikely. Even if multiple providers are available in an area, individuals are often locked in by contracts that make simply switching between ISPs difficult. Competition is largely unlikely to increase, as the infrastructure and capital investment in starting a broadband company is prohibitively high. Additionally, research has shown that it is largely economically advantageous for ISPs to discriminate against content providers, even as competition increases (Guo, 2017). It would be naive to think that these corporations would not take actions that increased their own profits, and would willingly self-police their behavior if given free reign. Additionally, while ISPs argue that net neutrality inhibit innovation, the opposite is largely true. By not discriminating against content providers, net neutrality largely operates as an anti-monopoly tool itself by making sure that all content providers are treated equally. If content providers were forced to pay ISPs for bandwidth, it would ensure that only the large, financially dominate companies would have the capital to do so effectively stifling market competition and entrepreneurship (Rahman, 2018, 1656). Of course, the issue is rarely as simple as opponents or proponents make it out to be. The idea of an early platonic internet that was completely neural is largely a myth, and the end-to-end principles used to frame net neutrality are largely obsolete in regards to modern internet architecture (Pisantry, 2016, 131). Some forms of traffic management will always be necessary for optimizing networks, maintaining security, and managing congestion (Belli, 2016, 16). Its important when discussing regulations that differentiation is made between necessary and unnecessary traffic management based on what is reasonable. If nothing else, as Wu (2003, 156) has pointed out, regulations can serve an informational/educational function as a gentle reminder for broadband providers to air on the side of their better natures and focus on the public good. Network Neutrality and Intellectual Freedom Many discussions on net neutrality focus on technical and economic aspects; however the issue is also crucial to intellectual freedom and individual rights. The American Library Association (2018) succinctly stated the ties between net neutrality and intellectual freedom in their affirmation of net neutrality as an intellectual freedom issue. In part they state that: Net Neutrality guarantees the right to distribute and receive ideas without limitation or discrimination via the internet. Without the protection of Net Neutrality, tiered access limits diversity and blocks ideas and opinions. Additionally, it creates an internet in which only the companies that can afford to pay more for prioritized access can get their content through to consumers. Allowing ISPs to determine which speech receives priority access and which speech can be delayed, or even blocked, based on commercial and financial interests impairs intellectual freedom. This leads inevitably to censorship of voices without economic or political power. Here we see that one of the major issues with a non-neutral network is that we see another way for capital to buy a louder voice. This speaks to Gramscis ideas of hegemony and the role capital plays in intellectual freedom as discussed by Raber (2013). In a system in which payments must be made to have content favored, capital will be a strong driver of speech. Even Verizon has conceded that net neutrality is a free speech issue. In the 2014 case that overturned the FCCs 2010 Open Internet Order, Verizon argued that net neutrality infringed on their free speech rights and that regulating bandwidth was a form of speech (Verizon v Federal Communications Commission, 2014). This acknowledgement that broadband data is speech only underlies the importance of having regulations that prevent its suppression. If more money buys better data transmission, we see yet another system in which the voices of the marginalized are suppressed. We can think of net neutrality acts as nondiscrimination laws that allows marginalized and nonprofit voices to be given equal weight in the online environment (Cox, 2018, 14). As Buchannan (2013) discusses, freedom of expression and access are both critical issues when discussing intellectual freedom in an online environment, and ISPs have control over both, making regulations all the more important. Net Neutrality Rules Today From the early origins of net neutrality concepts it was clear that self-regulation by internet providers was not a viable method to maintain net neutrality (Wu, 2003). There are many questions about how to best regulate net neutrality. Who should be responsible for regulating? How much regulation is necessary? What is the governments statutory authority for regulation? These questions have been heavily debated in recent years, and the government has still yet to come with agreed upon answers to these questions. The FCCs attempts to regulate ISPs rely heavily on Progressive Area ideas of public utilities that have been adapted to the uniqueness of modern telecommunications (Rahman, 2018, 1648). As early as the expansion of railroads, there has been worry about how best to control private control of infrastructural goods. Early regulations of railroads began at the state level, developing a patchwork of regulations, but it was clear that their interstate nature would require federal intervention. As monopolis became a greater concern, the federal government began to develop antitrust laws, corporate governance, and the public utility model as forms of controlling concentrated private power. As new forms of communications such as telegraph and telephone networks developed, the government began to use these established tools to regulate these services through common carriage requirements and limits on vertical integration (Rahman, 2018). The Communications Act of 1934 was the first major legislation regulating telecommunications networks. The next significant legislation would not come until the Telecommunications Act of 1996. While, the Communications Act of 1934 essentially let ATT operate as a regulated monopoly, the Telecommunications Act of 1996 tried to enhance both competition and interconnectivity. It imposed common carrier requirements for telecommunication networks that prohibited discrimination against networks and required that all carriers have a physical connection to each other (Rahman, 2018, 1647-1649). The overall authority of internet regulation by the federal government lies in their authority to regulate interstate commerce. More specifically, the FCC derives its regulatory power from the Commerce Act of 1934, and the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Hanna, 2018, 80). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 made a distinction between telecommunication lines, which are classified as a Title II service, and internet access provided by these lines, which were classified as a Title I information service. As broadband service came to prominence it was also classified under the information service Title I designation. In the 1990s, the internet was seen more as a luxury good than a vital communications service and therefore was not classified under the stricter Title II classifications that would hold it to common carrier restrictions (Rahman, 2018, 1651). The 2011 FCC Open Internet Order attempted to establish net neutrality regulations outside of the Title II common carrier requirements, but the order was struck down in Verizon v. FCC (2014). In this case, the D.C. Circuit Court determined that the FCC did not have the authority to establish anti-discrimination requirements since broadband was not covered under common carrier requirements (Verizon v Federal Department of Communications, 2014). In response the 2015 Open Internet Order formally reclassified broadband internet from an information service to a telecommunications service, which falls under Title II common carrier requirements. The changes were upheld in United States Telecom Association v Federal Communications Commision and United States of America (2016). In this case, the D.C. Circuit Court determined that broadband service does in fact satisfy the statutory definition of a telecommunications service (US Telecom Assn v FCC 2016). These changes were reversed when new FC C leadership under the Trump Administration passed the Restoring Internet Freedom Order, which once again changed broadband service from a Title II to Title I carrier in December of 2017 (Restoring Internet Freedom Order, 2017). Californias Net Neutrality Laws Within hours of Californias passage of their net neutrality law the Justice Department filed suit against the state (Finley 2018). The Justice Department is attemtping to make the case that California has no authority to regulate ISPs. At the heart of this are two primary legal issues. First, the interstate nature of the internet means only the federal government should be able to regulate it (Finley, 2008). Second, the FCCs Restoring Internet Freedom Order included a specific clause which prevented any state or local governments from imposing rules that the FCC specifically repealed (Restoring Internet Freedom Order, 2017). This presents an interesting case, because when repealing the Open Internet Order the FCCs primary argument was that they did not have the proper authority to impose net neutrality regulations, but also claiming that they had to sole authority to ban anyone else from imposing net neutrality regulations (Romm, 2018). This effectively means that according to the FC C, there is no agency who currently has the authority to regulate data discrimination. While the California legislation may be a positive good for the citizens of California and net neutrality in general, it is highly unlikely the courts will find that California had the authority to pass such legislation. Regardless of what the FCCs authority to prevent others from establishing net neutrality regulations is, it is a near certainty that the interstate nature of the internet will mean that Californias regulations do not stand. The internet should clearly be regulated as interstate commerce and no legal cases in United States history have ignored the Commerce Clause and favored states over the federal government when interstate commerce is involved (Rash, 2018). Additionally, while good-intentioned, a state-by-state patchwork of net neutrality regulations is far from ideal for anyone involved. In the end, all that may come of Californias attempts at establishing state level net neutrality laws is keeping the debate alive in the courts and in the public eye. The past decade has shown us a framework for how net neutrality laws could function reasonably to protect intellectual freedom in an online environment through modified common carrier regulations. While we are currently operating in a regulatorily non-neutral environment the California case has shown that the debate is far from over.